Titanium Welding Electrodes of different grades of titanium alloys, offer a wide range of properties and characteristics based on their composition and heat treatment processes. These alloys are typically classified into three main categories: alpha alloys, alpha + beta alloys, and beta alloys.
- Alpha Alloys:
Alpha alloys primarily consist of neutral alloying elements or alpha stabilizers like aluminum (Al) and oxygen (O). These alloys are not heat treatable, meaning they do not exhibit significant changes in properties when subjected to heat treatment processes. The presence of these elements helps stabilize the alpha phase in the alloy structure. - Alpha + Beta Alloys:
Alpha + beta alloys contain a combination of both alpha and beta stabilizers in their composition. These alloys can be heat treated to varying degrees to achieve specific mechanical properties. By carefully controlling the heat treatment process, engineers can tailor the microstructure of these alloys to optimize strength, ductility, and other desired characteristics. - Beta Alloys:
Beta alloys are metastable materials that contain sufficient amounts of beta stabilizers such as molybdenum (Mo) and vanadium (V). These elements promote the retention of the beta phase within the alloy structure even after quenching from high temperatures. Beta alloys can undergo solution treatment followed by aging processes to enhance their strength significantly without sacrificing other essential properties.
Overall, understanding the classification of titanium alloys based on their alloying elements and heat treatability is crucial for selecting the most suitable material for specific applications where a balance between strength, toughness, corrosion resistance, and other factors is required.
ERTi-1 (CP-1 Titanium)
CP-1 Titanium, also known as Grade 1, is the lowest strength unalloyed grade of commercially pure titanium. It is primarily used in applications where ductility is a critical factor, such as explosive cladding, loose linings, expanded metal, and deep drawing applications. Additionally, CP-1 titanium finds utility in electrolytic applications like coated anode substrates for the production of chlorine and sodium chlorate.
ERTi-2 (CP-2 Titanium)
CP-2 Titanium, or Grade 2 titanium, is considered the “workhorse” of the industrial corrosion market and is the most common unalloyed grade available. Known for its versatility and cost-effectiveness, Grade 2 titanium is widely utilized in various process equipment including pressure vessels, columns, tanks, heat exchangers, shafts, blowers and fans, condenser tubing, valves fittings, and piping systems.
ERTi-3 (CP-3 Titanium)
Grade 3 titanium offers higher strength compared to CP-2 titanium while retaining excellent corrosion resistance properties. Although less readily available than Grade 2 titanium alloys due to its specific applications requirements; it finds use in process equipment manufacturing processes involving tubing and piping. The higher strength of Grade 3 allows for reduced metal thickness requirements which can be beneficial when considering material costs for larger-scale projects.
ERTi-4 (CP-4 Titanium)
Grade 4 titanium represents the highest strength among unalloyed commercially pure grades but is seldom used in corrosion service applications. Under AMS specifications , it has found application in aircraft components where its superior strength-to-weight ratio can help reduce overall component weight while maintaining structural integrity. Bulkheads and firewalls are examples of components that may benefit from the high strength characteristics of CP-4 titanium.
ERTi-5 (6AL–4V) – 5. sınıf
Grade 5 titanium alloy ERTi–5 or commonly referred to as “6–4”, stands out as one of the most widely used alloy grades due to its favorable combination of properties including relatively low cost with good availability . With a minimum ultimate tensile strength (UTS) requirement of 130000 psi [895 MPa], this alloy offers good weldability characteristics alongside potential for heat treatment to enhance either its mechanical strength or toughness attributes . In aerospace industry , it sees application in critical components such as landing gear assemblies , wing spars , compressor blades etc., where both high mechanical performance along with corrosion resistance are key requirements . Its usage extends beyond aerospace sector into areas requiring enhanced strengths such as shafts , bolting elements , keys etc., under corrosive environments where greater durability is essential.
ERTi-7 (Grade 7)
ERTi-7, also known as Grade 7 titanium, shares similar mechanical properties with Grade 2 titanium. The addition of 0.12 wt% palladium in Grade 7 enhances its corrosion resistance particularly under mildly reducing conditions or environments prone to crevice or under-deposit corrosion issues. This grade is a suitable choice for applications where welding Grade 2 or Grade 16 titanium alloys while seeking improved corrosion performance is desired.
ERTi-9 (Grade 9)
Grade 9 titanium, also referred to as “3Al-2.5V,” serves as a partial alloy counterpart to the widely used Grade 5 titanium alloy. It offers enhanced ductility, formability, and weldability characteristics while accepting a lower ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Commonly available in welded or seamless tube and pipe forms , this grade finds utility in various applications including oil production tubulars and bicycle frame manufacturing where the need for better formability and weldability without compromising on structural integrity is essential.
ERTi-11 (Grade 11)
Similar to Grade 1 titanium, ERTi-11 or Grade 11 titanium possesses identical mechanical properties along with a minimum palladium content of 0.12 wt% that contributes towards improved resistance against corrosion especially in mildly reducing atmospheres or environments susceptible to crevice or under-deposit corrosive attacks . Widely employed in chlorine electrode components and high-end cladding applications requiring superior corrosion performance; it can be considered for welding projects involving Grades like1 or17 when elevated resistance against corrosion factors is sought after.
ERTi-12 (Grade 12 – Ti0.8Ni0.3Mo)
Designed as an intermediate strength grade , ERTi-12 also known as Grade12 Titanium features an innovative composition comprising elements such as nickel(Ni)and molybdenum(Mo)to deliver enhanced resistance against crevice-corrosion particularly in high temperature brine solutions at reduced costs compared to traditional options like Grade7 .The presence of Ni++and Mo++ions within the material’s structure modifies surface electrochemistry thereby improving overall performance specifically under crevices deposits.This grade showcases superior elevated temperature characteristics than both Grades2or3 making it a preferred choice for challenging applications such as pressure vessels,piping works demanding exceptional strength attributes alone.
ERTi-23 (6Al–4VELI – Grade23)
6Al–4VELI commonly denoted as “Grade23” represents a chemically akin variant of popularly used “Grade5”titanium alloy albeit featuring slightly lowered aluminum content alongside diminished levels of oxygen & other interstitial elements enhancing fabricability,welding capabilities,toughness aspects.The usage scenarios span across numerous industrial sectors necessitating high-strength materials that exhibit superior toughness qualities whilst enabling ease of fabrication compared to conventional choices like“Grdae5”.Commonly found application areas include shafts designed for handling very high loads requiring remarkable strength coupled with improved toughness traits which are vital considerations often encountered within marine/offshore energy production settings exposed to low temperature seawater environments showcasing superior fracture toughness values vis-a-vis standard “grade5”.